Dendrophthoe Petandra L. Miq.’s Progesterone-Like Effect

ABSTRACT

The in-vivo study on healthy adult female rat were known that extract methanol of Dendrophthoe Petandra L. Miq by intramuscular injection (w/v) at dose 100 mg/kg body weight for four days (s.d.d.) can be produce progesterone hormone two times more than usual levels. That phenomenon apparently indicates that plant as an Indonesia namely Benalu duku were probably consist of steroid with carbon bonding substances at number 1^st to 21^st namely pregnane derivate. These research aims to determined specificity active substances of methanol crude extract Benalu duku leaves with pharmacodynamics effect like progesterone hormone. Pulverized Benalu duku leaves at 400g was extracted with 2 L methanol pro analysis grade by shaker maceration method at 20C during the 72 hours. Semi solid crude extract were drying by vacuum dried apparatus and UV exposure at 15 minutes and analysis by FT-IR and LC ESI MS. Research result obtained that active substances with main chemical structure of pregnane derivate were progesterone at about 30%, medroxy progesterone acetate at about 66%, megestrol acetate at about 3% and 1% dydrogesterone.

Key words: Benalu duku, pregnane derivate, anabolic steroid, leaves extract FT-IR, Methanolic leaves extract LC-ESI MS.

Introduction

Dendrophtoe Petandra L Miq (Benalu duku) as a parasites plant growing on Lancium demesticum were known have a several essential active substances and useful for treated proliferation cell (NURAINI et al., 2000, ROOSTANTIA et al., 2000 and RATNA et al., 2007). Some researcher reported that plants have a beneficially active substance like alkaloid, flavonoid, polyphenol, terpenoid and free steroid (ARIFA et al., 2009). New research report explained that crude methanolic extract of Benalu duku leaves can be increasing progesterone hormone two times more than usual levels, but giving FSH levels on female adult rat (BAMBANG, LAZUARDI, 2014). The last research report indicate that plants have a several substances with characterize as a progesterone like effect.

Characterization progesterone like effect was known have a specific chemical main structure namely pregnane derivate with consist of carbon at 1^st to 21^st at their double bonded chain structure or (8S,9S,10S,13R,14S,17S)-17-ethyl- 10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12, 14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H- cyclopenta [a] phenanthrene. Identically of their main structure of pregnane derivate were known as an anabolic hormone and usefully for treatment prostate cancer in adult man (RANDOX LABORATORY LTD, 2013). Pregnane derivate were known have some specific anabolic steroid structure i.e cortisone, hydrocortisone, progesterone, medroxy progesterone acetate, megestrol acetate, 17- α- hydroxyl progesterone acetate, dydrogesterone.

Other herbal medicine with anabolic steroid action was found at Mexico namely Codices plant. That plant was similar with Benalu duku as a parasites plant growing at subtropics seasons (LERNER, ARNWINE, 2002). With analog to Codices plant in Mexico, might be benalu duku leaves after extracted by methanol were containing specific anabolic steroid. By background research at above, will be determined progesterone like effect substance like progesterone, medroxy progesterone acetate, megestrol acetate, dydrogesterone from base on overview of identic molecule ion of LC-ESI MS and function compound of FT-IR.

Materials and methods

Benalu duku leaves were obtained from Muara Enim region of west Sumatera-Indonesia and identification as a Dendrophthoe Petandra L. Miq at Botany Research Institute at Tangerang – Jakarta Indonesia as described by BAMBANG, LAZUARDI (2014). Reference substance of progesterone was obtained from Sigma-aldrich product 46665 batch SEBA XV. Reference substance of medroxy progesterone acetate was obtained from Harsen pharmaceutical Industry Jakarta – Indonesia at pharmaceutics grade. Megestrol acetate reference material was obtained from Sigma Aldrich at product 46420 batch SZB9173XV. Dydrogesterone reference material was used from European Directorate for quality medicines and health care, France by catalog code Y0001004.

A 400 gram of pulverize benalu duku leaves were extracted on 2 L of methanol pro analysis on to the 1 L separated flask during the 72 hours (movement shaker maceration method at 20C). The semi-solid of crude extract were dried on vacum drying and exposure to uv light (15 minutes) for kept contaminate from the mold and some bacteria. Some amount of semi-solid crude extract benalu duku leaves was determined specific molecule structure compound by FT –IR PerkinElmer Frontier 89485 and LC-ESI MS Accela TSQ Quantum Acess Thermo. The semi-solid crude extract methanol of benalu duku leaves was determined to molecule function of progesterone like effect substances at 400 cm^-1 to 4000 cm^-1 .

Performance control of LC-ESI MS were adjusted as follows; column hypersil Gold 0.2 µm length 10 cm gradient method with mobile phase at bottle A 0.1% in Aqua bidest and bottle B 0,1% formic acid in acetonitrile pro HPLC. The gradient was perform at 35% to70% of B in 20 minute at 254 nm UV detector. Automatic sucking and injection capacity was adjusted at 10 µl, flushing capacity 400 µl with velocity at 100µl.second^-1, velocity injector 8 µl.second^-1, height of suction apparatus at about 2 ml capacity autosample vial at 1.2 ml. Temperature column was adjusted at 22C at maximum pressure pump 1250 PSI and stabile in 10 BAR (THERMO ELECTRON CORPORATION, 2007).

Results

Analysis Spectrum infra-red of crude extract methanol Benalu duku leaves obtained that stretching aromatic compound specific overtone was presented at 1650 to 2000 cm^-1. Especial in 1550 cm^-1 to 1600 cm^-1 was appeared stretching aromatic compound (1,s). In 1450 cm^-1 to 1500 cm^-1 was appeared s orbital of stretching aromatic compounds. At finger print area wavelength number of 600 cm^-1 to 900 cm^-1 and 1000 cm^-1 to 1300 cm^-1 were indicate of flexible carbon atom and hydrogen outside of area (k orbital) and inside of area (l orbital). To compare similarities of infra-red spectrum between reference material vs., crude extract methanol of Benalu duku leaves at high intensity (%T) indicated that wavelength number of 1400 cm^-1 to 1050 cm^-1 and 1600 cm^-1 to 1660 cm^-1 were identic both of them. Even at low intensity (%T) on the finger print area 750 cm^-1 to 1000 cm^-1 were identic infra-red spectrum between reference materials vs., crude extract methanol benalu duku leaves. Table 1 at bellow was presented specific function molecules of crude extract methanol benalu duku leaves after assessment by FT-IR by references of NOERDIN (1985).

Analysis LC ESI-MS by Triple Stage Quadruple Mass Spectrometers were obtained that compound of progesterone like effect in extract methanol Benalu duku leaves were identic to reference materials of medroxy progesterone acetate, progesterone, megestrol acetate and dydrogesterone. Table 2 at bellow explained that retention time and ion molecule of ESI (m/z) as dependent variable of extract methanol Benalu duku leaves was similar to retention time and ion molecules of ESI references material.

Table 1. Infra-red spectrum (cm^-1) and intensity (%T) crude extract benalu duku and reference materials of progesterone like effect substances

Table. 2. Result analysis retention time and molecules ion of ESI between crude extract methanol benalu duku leaves and reference material as medroxy progesterone acetate, progesterone, megestrol acetate and dydrogesterone

 

Discussion

Analysis by retention time and ESI (m/z) of LC ESI-MS were apparently just two of progesterone like effect substances on crude extract methanol benalu duku leaves that very identic substances to reference material namely medroxy progesterone acetate and progesterone. Other progesterone like effect substances as a megestrol acetate and dydrogesterone on crude extract methanol benalu duku leaves were mostly identic to reference material of megestrol acetate and dydrogesterone by different shift at 0.01 and 0.6 retention time of reference materials. Difference in retention time shift is closely linked nature of polarity samples bound to the column Hypersil Gold of LC. Thus the most likely molecular structure of megestrol acetate and dydrogesterone on methanol extract of benalu duku no resemblance to 100% identically as reference materials of megestrol acetate and dydrogesterone. Analysis to compare between the values of molecule ion fragments (m/z) and ESI (m/z) reference materials of fourth progesterone like effect substances versus identically substances of progesterone like effect on crude extract methanol benalu duku leaves were apparently have a differences values (p<0.05). The molecule ion fragments values were apparently lowest than ESI values as represented at Table 3.

Table 3. Analysis molecule ion fragments vs., ESI between reference materials and crude extract methanol benalu duku leaves.

Note: Superscript a vs., b of molecules ion fragment vs., ESI at the same Table were significant different at p<0.05 by t. test method

The differences of the values between both of them were caused difference technology of sensing ion molecule analytes after ionization on ionized chamber by molecule ion fragments method versus ESI method of LC. The level of sensitivity of the mass range of the device ESI LC-MS Accela TSQ known to the value of m / z 3000 with accompanying Quantitation-Enhanced Data-Dependent MS / MS (QED-MS / MA) capable of monitoring up to create three points of data. Behavior noisy devices have also been suppressed due to the development of techniques such section curved space after ionization chamber (collision unit cell) made ​​900. Study the TSQ Quantum robustness Access Ion Relative Standard Deviation reaches% = 2.9% (THERMO SCIENTIFIC, 2007).

Composition of the crude extract benalu duku leaves at 0.0656 µg/ml were apparently containing progesterone like effect substances at majority component of medroxy progesterone acetate (0.062 µg/ml) after that the second levels as a progesterone (0.028 µg/ml) and the third level namely megestrol acetate (0.003 µg/ml) and dydrogesterone as a minority compounds at 0.0009 µg/ml. That composition of the progesterone like effect on crude extract methanol benalu duku leaves already predicted by BAMBANG, LAZUARDI (2014)., at look after the implication of samples at adult female rat with resulted progesterone hormone at twice level than usual level.

Conclusions

The crude extract methanol benalu duku leaves containing identic substances as a Medroxy progesterone acetate at about 66%, progesterone at about 30%, megestrol acetate at about 3% and dydrogesterone at about 1%. The absolutely identic compounds were obtained at medroxy progesterone acetate and progesterone. But the less than absolute identic compound were obtained at megestrol acetate and dydrogesterone. Recommended of the research result as follows: i., for next research must be explored isolation and identification of the active compound as a progesterone like effect to influenced the physiologic animal subject.

 

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