Emilio Aguinaldo Was The President Of Philippines History Essay

Emilio Aguinaldo was the president of Philippines at age 28 and was the leader of the Pilipino Revolt. He pushed strongly for independence from Spain and conquered much land although he later loss to America in the Philippine-American War.

1899

Open Door Policy

After the boxer rebellion and opium wars, China closed its ports to rest of the world. The US proposed a peaceful note to China to ask them to open their ports for equal trade around the world. The US’s Secretary of State, John Hay, sent the note to the other world powers and they said they would agree only if the other powers agreed. Eventually they did and China had to open its ports

1899

Samuel “Golden Rule” Jones

Samuel Jones was the mayor of Toledo, Ohio. He established many progressive reforms that improved working conditions for workers in the town and became extremely popular by promoting the Golden Rule, coining his nickname.

1900

Spheres of Influence

This is where when a country dominates a territory no one else can perform trade or other transactions. It began between Germany and Britain when they had a dispute over territories in the Gulf of Guinea.

1900

Charles and Mary Beard

This couple was of the most influential socialists of the 20th century. They believed that economics influenced the society rather than its leaders.

1901

Big Stick Diplomacy

This coined phrase represented Roosevelt’s adjustments to the Monroe Doctrine. It got its name from Roosevelt speaking softly but carrying a big stick.

1902

Anthracite Coal Strike

This was a strike in Pennsylvania where the mine workers asked for shorter work days, higher pay and to be recognized as a union. It got so bad that President Roosevelt intervened, neutrally, and gave the workers what they wanted. The owners got paid more for their coal as well.

1903

Hay-Buneau-Varilla Treaty

This was the treaty that granted America permission to build the Panama Canal. It was between John Hay and Philpe Buneau-Varilla. They negotiated only after Panama got their independence from Columbia.

1904

Roosevelt Corollary

Taking points from the Monroe Doctrine, this policy, created by Roosevelt, said that the US would be the protectorate of the western hemisphere. It also said the US would interfere in foreign affairs only if it felt the need.

1904

Northern Securities Case

This case is significant because it is the first time the government successfully broke up a monopoly. A railroad company owned by Morgan, Hill, and Hammer, had managed to collect numerous stocks and beat out its competitors. This cases ended companies merging together and the court ruled that the company was violating the Sherman Antitrust Act.

1905

International Workers of the World

This was a group of unskilled workers who came together to breakup classes. It was comprised of many well-known activists for unions and labors.

1905

Wobblies

This was what the people of the International Workers of the World called themselves. Their main purpose was to get rid of capitalism or free enterprise.

1907

Gentlemen’s Agreement

This was an agreement between the US and Japan stating that no one could enter US with the intent to work. Later discrimination rose against Asians in America. The agreement settled this dispute and an understanding against immigrants were made. The Immigration Act of 1924 nullified this agreement.

1907

Great White Fleet

This was when America sent 16 white large battleships on expeditions around the world. This was meant to show that America was a world power and their navy was increasing and improving.

1909

Dollar Diplomacy

This diplomacy was established during Roosevelt’s presidency, but carried over into Taft’s presidency. It stated that the US would give loans to countries in South, Central America and Asia, and ensured the safety of foreign affairs. This policy encouraged investments of the US.

1909

Insurgent’s Revolt

This was a rebellion of the Cuban people against the Spanish. Americans provoked it with yellow journalism and eventually America got involved and led to the Spanish-American War

1909

Ballinger Pinchot Affair

This was a dispute within politics in the White House. Pinchot found out that Ballinger was giving his friends rights to mine on government protected lands, so he told the president. The president, Taft, approved of it and Pinchot got mad, got fired, and told the press. During the 1912 election, this dispute split the Republican Party, thus allowing Wilson to win.

1912

Moral Diplomacy

Created by President Wilson, this policy said that America would remain neutral during WWI. It also said that the U.S, would protect and democrat Latin American country. It promoted peace and advancement of America.

1912

New Freedom

This was a campaign slogan made by Wilson, which promised many new reforms and policies made by the government. This took place during Wilson’s first term in office and described the progressive era.

1912

New Nationalism

This was the policy where Roosevelt said that government would control businesses.

He promoted human rights and well-being as his slogan in the 1912 election.

1913

Triple Wall Privilege

During the election of 1912, Wilson promoted taking out banks, tariffs, and trusts. He did this by eliminating the influence of lobbyist, signing the Federal Reserve Act, and Clayton Antitrust Act.

1913

Underwood-Simmons Tariff

Under President Wilson, this tariff reinforced the federal income tax lowering it from 40% to 25%. It caused many business and people to go into debt and almost ended the prosperity era they had just experienced.

1913

Federal Reserve System

This was the main banking system of America, created to stabilized America’s finances and monetary system. It was established in the Federal Reserve Act, under President Wilson.

1914

Panama Canal

Wilson set out to increase trade and reduce travel time of ships so he proposed to build a canal to connect the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean. The Panama Canal is a 48 mile long canal with a series of locks that allow large ships to pass through. This is an important travel center for sea traveling.

1915

“Birth of a Nation” & D. W. Griffin

This was a popular silent film based off the book the Clansman that told the story of a family after the Civil War. It covered very controversial topics and started the “blackface” era.

1915

Lusitania

This was the British ship that Germany sunk, which had American citizens on board. The Americans said if the sinking of neutral ships doesn’t end, they will be forced to enter the war, in which they later did.

1898

“Black Jack” Pershing

Pershing was a highly accredited military man. He fought in the Spanish-American War and was deemed the highest ranking officer in WWI. The only ever person to have this title was President Washington.

1916

Sussex/Arabic Pledges

During WWI, this was a pledge that said Germany’s submarines couldn’t attack neutral ships. This took place after the sinking of Lusitania. It made Germany change some of its warfare tactics.

1917

Zimmerman Note

This was a note from Germany to Mexico asking for their alliance. America intercepted it and was infuriated. This was the last straw and America entered the world war.

1917

Committee of Public Information

This was a committee of people put together to persuade Americans to join the army to fight in the war. They used great propaganda and advertisements to influence the citizens.

1917

Creel Committee

Ran by George Creel, also called the Committee of Public Information, this committee spread encouragement to the Americans to join the army. They made it their mission to publish information about the war and turn their attention away from censorship to the war.

1918

Fourteen Points

These were a set of suggestions, created by President Wilson, in which he presented to the Allies. These suggestions were to be a part of The Treaty of Versailles. Only some of the points were used in the treaty.

1919

Henry Cabot-Lodge

During the war, Lodge was a very prominent figure in American politics, in that he opposed much f President Wilson’s views. He was the leader of the Senate and strongly opposed the Treaty of Versailles because it did not include total submission of Germany.

1919

Irreconcilables

These were people of Congress who opposed the League of Nations. They argued that America would be better off not being a part of the League of Nations and felt the treaty to be too harsh.

1920

Reservationists

These were people of Congress who supported the League of Nations only if certain amendments were made to it. This group was led by Henry Lodge

1919

Treaty of Versailles

This was the treaty that ended World War I. It gave full responsibility of the war to Germany and stated that they had to give back all acquired lands and pay for the damages. Germany soon became bitter and this involuntarily led to WWII. It also established the League of Nations.

1919

Volstead Act

This act promoted the 18th Amendment and punished all those who violated the law. It also regulated the supply and sale of liquor.

1920

League of Nations

This was a group of nations that came together after World War I that created and regulated actions of all the nations. It influenced many of the world’s ability to interact with each other and promoted peace. Proposed by Woodrow Wilson, surprisingly the US did not approve of the league and held out on entering.