Generic Structure Of Hortatory Exposition English Language Essay
Hortatory exposition is a text which represent the attempt of the writer to have the addressee do something or act in certain way. In other words, a hortatory exposition is a text whose purpose is persuade the readers that something should or should not be the case or be done.
Generic Structure of Hortatory Exposition
1. Thesis/ General Statement.
2. Arguments
3. Recommendation
Language Feature of Hortatory Exposition
1. Focusing on the writer
2. Using abstract noun: policy, advantage, etc
3. Using action verbs
4. Using thinking verbs
5. Using modals
6. Using adverb: certainly, surely, etc
7. Using temporal connectives/transition: firstly, secondly, etc
8. Using evaluative words: important, valuable, trustworthy, etc
9. Using passive voice
10. Using simple present tense
The following section presents some example of hortatory exposition.
Example 1 of a Hortatory Exposition Text
Indonesian People Should Value All the Different Culture
to Promote Unity of the Nation
Indonesia is a culturally-diverse country. Many different religions and cultures from many provinces are now seen living side by side in many places. One of the biggest questions facing Indonesian today is how to deal with a culturally diverse citizenry and then promote unity.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LJkGEZniDJQ/T19zjIs20qI/AAAAAAAAAns/0RK7ntcEEOg/s200/hortatory-exposition.jpg
Therefore, Indonesians should appreciate differences among culture for the following reasons. Firstly, Indonesia is vulnerable to separation for its archipelago and culture diversity. Raising tolerance among people is the best way to maintain the unity among differences. Many ways or cultures of living are equally legal, even if they are not regarded as normal by some people. If a society claims to be tolerant of personal choice, then it must respect the personal choice to retain their heritage. Then, unity of the nation can be preserved.
Secondly, Indonesians must recognize that every culture has different customs and beliefs. Thus, people are forbidden to make judgments of comparative value, for it is measuring something unmeasured. A plurality of nations, especially in the modern era, can allow for cultural development and cultural exchange that benefits both parties. The cross-cultural understanding among cultures makes the world a better place and preserves the unity of the nation.
Lastly, raising nationalism is one way to preserve unity of the nation. It is a sense of fellow feeling between group members. This promotes cooperation and social cohesion within the group. The sense of social cooperation makes welfare, social security and medical programs much more likely and stronger.
Cultural differences are sometime a sensitive matter for people. Indonesian people must teach younger generation about the importance of the cultural identity and nationalism to promote unity of the nation.
Comprehension Questions:
What is the main idea of the text?
Where is the information about the main idea located?
What supporting details can be found in the text?
What is the function of the text?
How do you know?
What are the generic structures of the text?
Can you identify each of the feature (generic structure) in the text? In which sentence?
What are the language features of text?
Example 2 of a Hortatory Exposition Text
Watch your Kids While Watching TV
Television becomes one of the most important devices which takes place in almost houses. It can unite all members of the family as well as separate them. However, is it important to know what your kids are watching? The answer is, of course, absolutely “Yes” and that should be done by all parents. Television can expose things you have tried to protect the children from, especially violence, pornography, consumerism and so on.
Recently, a study demonstrated that spending too much time on watching TV during the day or at bedtime often cause bed-time disruption, stress, and short sleep duration.
Another research found that there is a significant relationship between the amount of time spent for watching television during adolescence and early adulthood, and the possibility of being aggressive.
Meanwhile, many studies have identified a relationship between kids who watch TV a lot and being inactive and overweight.
Considering some facts mentioning above, protect your children with the following tips:
– Limit television viewing to one-two hours each day
– Do not allow your children to have a TV set in their own bedrooms
– Review the rating of TV shows which your children watch
– Watch television with your children and discuss what is happening in the show.
Comprehension Questions:
What is the main idea of the text?
Where is the information about the main idea located?
What supporting details can be found in the text?
What is the function of the text?
How do you know?
What are the generic structures of the text?
Can you identify each of the feature (generic structure) in the text? In which sentence?
What are the language features of text?
Example 3 of a Hortatory Exposition Text
Should not Bring Mobile Phone to School
Recently most people own mobile phone. Why does mobile phone user increase dramatically in recent years? First, the feature and functions has increased. Mobile phone is not used just for calling, but sending text, taking pictures, recording videos, accessing internet, playing games and much more. Second, mobile phone has also become a lot cheaper. Now this communication device does not only fill the pocket of adult but also teenager and student. Even a lot phones are intentionally designed to teenaged market. However should they be allowed to bring them to school?
Many schools do not allow students to bring cell phones to school. It is very reasonable because bringing phone to school potentially disrupts the learning process. Most students use cell phones irresponsibly. They use cell phones to talk to their friend during class time. They also use the calculator and camera features in the class as well. Those potentially lead less concentration in the time of learning and teaching process.
Students go to school to learn and behave fair way. Mobile phones provide a large temptation to cheat in tests. They can communicate to anyone and almost anywhere in the world. Because of the small size of the cell phone, students can send a text quietly and discreetly. The text can go unnoticed anywhere to get help on answering tests, homework, and other class assignment. Learning in school is to behave fair not cheating.
Therefore, schools should ban students from bringing their cell phones. However it should be done fairly. In case of an emergency some student need a call for help, providing easy access to phone is better.
(Source: blogspot.com/2010/02/contoh-hortatory-text-sample-should-not.html)
Comprehension Questions:
What is the main idea of the text?
Where is the information about the main idea located?
What supporting details can be found in the text?
What is the function of the text?
How do you know?
What are the generic structures of the text?
Can you identify each of the feature (generic structure) in the text? In which sentence?
What are the language features of text?
Example 4 of a Hortatory Exposition Text
How ASEAN Should Face CAFTA
The China-ASEAN Free Trade Area (CAFTA) is a win-win situation for ASEAN. It will help speed the recovery of ASEAN from the global recession.
The CAFTA is an important vehicle for trade-led growth and recovery in the ASEAN region with growth of 3.9 percent in 2009 which most likely will increase in 2010.
Furthermore, the launch of a US$10 billion infrastructure investment fund by China to improve roads, railways and airlines and strengthen telecommunication links may help speed the ASEAN recovery.
China has also committed to a $15 billion credit facility to promote regional integration. ASEAN should take advantage of this and not rely completely on the United States. Times are changing and regional groupings like the CAFTA, the SCO, the EU, the NAFTA, etc., are more beneficial than so-called globalization.
One crisis, like the one in the US, has a domino effect to the world economy, whereas one region that falls into a crisis can be rescued by other regions not affected by it. World trade will be more stable under divided regional groupings and still maintain world trade and investments globally.
Last but not the least, in order to take advantage of the CAFTA and make it work, ASEAN should cut down its bureaucratic red tape in its financial and economic sectors to efficiently speed up trade and investment, and do it with transparency.
Comprehension Questions:
What is the main idea of the text?
Where is the information about the main idea located?
What supporting details can be found in the text?
What is the function of the text?
How do you know?
What are the generic structures of the text?
Can you identify each of the feature (generic structure) in the text? In which sentence?
What are the language features of text?
Example 5 of a Hortatory Exposition Text
What is the Benefit of Tourism for Local People?
Well, Tourism is now a huge contributor to the economies of most countries. Tourism industries can bring money, job vacancy and advancement especially to developing regions. However, this money often goes into the pockets of foreign investors, and only rarely benefits for local people.
Tourism industries will not give much benefit for local people if, for example, multinational hotel chains don’t care about the surrounding nature when they build new hotels. This can cause many social, cultural and geographical problems. Some local people may get job and money from that International hotel chain. However in case of missing that opportunity, some of them still have their own environment.
Moreover, some facts show that tourists tend to go, visit and spend their money in restaurants, bars and even luxury hotels of that multinational chains. They less go to such places; restaurant, bar, hotel, shop which are owned by local people. This can prevent the local people’s business from becoming even larger.
Most important thing, tours or excursions of tourism have little effect on nature. Even it can disrupt or destroy ecosystems and environments, and if it does, the local people will get the risk.
So the local government policies should be put in place to ensure that tourism will make the benefit spreading widely. The policies should guarantee that tourism will not cause any harm to any local people or places.
Comprehension Questions:
What is the main idea of the text?
Where is the information about the main idea located?
What supporting details can be found in the text?
What is the function of the text?
How do you know?
What are the generic structures of the text?
Can you identify each of the feature (generic structure) in the text? In which sentence?
What are the language features of text?
Example 6 of a Hortatory Exposition Text
Choosing Home Schooling as Kids Learning
Recently more parents choose to school their children from home. There are the positive aspects of this form of education versus other public and private schools. Homeschooling could be the parent’s right choice of learning for the kids
There are a number of reasons as to why parents opt to home school their children. They include:
* Religious reasons.
* Family reasons.
* Poor learning environment at the school.
* Object the lessons of public school.
* The child has a disability or is special needs.
* Transportation issues.
* Public or private school did not challenge the child.
* The child could not get into the desired private school.
* The parents career
So if parents decide that home schooling is the best option for their children, they need to do a little research in finding out what criteria they and their children must meet.
Comprehension Questions:
What is the main idea of the text?
Where is the information about the main idea located?
What supporting details can be found in the text?
What is the function of the text?
How do you know?
What are the generic structures of the text?
Can you identify each of the feature (generic structure) in the text? In which sentence?
What are the language features of text?
Example 7 of a Hortatory Exposition Text
Encouraging to Use Mass Transportation
Mass transportation is a kind of transportation system which large numbers of people are carried within a single vehicle. Airplanes, railways, buses, trolleys, light rail systems, and subways are examples of mass transportation systems. This mass transit systems is believed to be the future way which can solve the heavy traffic in the street.
Mass transportation have a number of advantages over private automobile. In many parts of the world, mass transportation is an important component of a nation’s transportation system. Where people are too poor to buy automobiles, they depend on bicycles or animals or mass transit systems such as bus lines to travel within a city and from city to city.
Mass transportations such as bus, train, plane are more efficient ways of moving people than the private automobile. For example, a subway system can transport 80,000 passengers per hour. In comparison, an 8-lane freeway can carry only 20,000 passengers per hour. The cost of operating an inter-city bus line typically runs about two cents per vehicle mile, about one-tenth the comparable average for a private automobile.
Mass transit systems also take up much less space than do the highways needed for the movement of automobile traffic. Most urban landscapes today are a vivid testimony to the amount of space required for private automobiles.
To make that mass transportation system works, some experts suggest that forms of mass transportation should be developed. The efforts can be:
Setting up van pools for employees in big company areas.
Picking up people who live close to each other in small vans and brought to and from work as a group.
Having an experiment with dial-a-ride programs which elderly citizens can call to request transportation in a mini-van from one point to another.
Attempting to increase the use of mass transportation by imposing high taxes on parking and tolls leading to the city for private automobiles.
Developing new subway, trolley, and bus lines, and other alternative forms of mass transportation.
Comprehension Questions:
What is the main idea of the text?
Where is the information about the main idea located?
What supporting details can be found in the text?
What is the function of the text?
How do you know?
What are the generic structures of the text?
Can you identify each of the feature (generic structure) in the text? In which sentence?
What are the language features of text?
Example 8 of a Hortatory Exposition Text
Never Try Smoking
A lot of people, especially teenagers, who do not smoke, always want to try smoking. They know it is bad for them and all, but it is just something they want to try. So they ask one of their smoker friends for a cigarette. Admittedly, they firstly can not light it on their own so they ask his friend to do it. Then they inhale that cigarette and smoke occasionally.
Apparently that makes them the born smokers. Now they do smoke fairly regularly. They can not avoid smoking and they enjoy too. They have smoker friends. Everyday they bring a pack in their pocket. For them, a pack of cigarette is as important as a wallet for their money.
Suddenly, for certain reason, they realize the fact that tobacco is the cause of a long list of nasty diseases. It is not only heart disease, stroke, and chronic lung disease but also bladder, lung, and pancreatic cancer. Even it was reported that around 400,000 Americans died each year. It was one every 80 seconds from tobacco-related illnesses.
Then they decide it is stupid to harm selves. They want to quit smoking. Unfortunately, they find that quitting smoking is so difficult. “Why can’t I stop smoking? I really want to stop it”. It is hard to quit because nicotine is powerfully addictive. Cigarette is one of the most efficient drug-delivery devices ever devised. As result, when people try to quit smoking, they often experience classic nicotine withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety, irritability, headache, depression, and restlessness.
Well, still want to try smoke? Think the facts before trying! If you are not smoker, you should never and never try to smoke.
Comprehension Questions:
What is the main idea of the text?
Where is the information about the main idea located?
What supporting details can be found in the text?
What is the function of the text?
How do you know?
What are the generic structures of the text?
Can you identify each of the feature (generic structure) in the text? In which sentence?
What are the language features of text?
Example 9 of a Hortatory Exposition Text
Why Should Weare a Helmet when Motorcycling?
We often hear lots of stories from road regarding people taking spill on motorcycle when they are riding without using helmet. Mostly the riders badly end up in mess.
Wearing a fitted protective helmet offers many benefits which reduces the negative aspects of riding. First and the most important is that wearing the correct helmet can save a rider’s life, physical ability, family pain, and money. The recommended designs of motorcycle helmets can provide total protection. They not only protect riders from getting a worse road injured accident but also from flying bugs, such as rain, sleet, mud and other potential projectiles.
Second, wearing a helmet can gives the raiders a matter of style. Helmets give the opportunity for rider to express the image they may want to project when riding on they way. This benefit may not be important to some people, but to others, it means a lot and important. By choosing the most appropriate helmet from all of the various styles, such as beanie, shorty, German, and many others, wearing a helmet which can projecting an image is an inherent crucial part of motorcycling and help riders feel more confident when riding on the road.
However, what most important is wearing helmet when riding is a matter of using it properly. Bikers should use the helmets which are fixed to their head. It is really not good if they places simply the helmets on the head without settling them properly. The bikers should fasten the helmet correctly to their head in order to get safe and comfort.
Comprehension Questions:
What is the main idea of the text?
Where is the information about the main idea located?
What supporting details can be found in the text?
What is the function of the text?
How do you know?
What are the generic structures of the text?
Can you identify each of the feature (generic structure) in the text? In which sentence?
What are the language features of text?
Example 10 of a Hortatory Exposition Text
Watch Your Kids While Watching TV
Television becomes one of the most important devices which takes place in almost houses. It can unite all members of the family as well as separate them. However, is it important to know what your kids are watching? The answer is, of course, absolutely “Yes” and that should be done by all parents. Television can expose things you have tried to protect the children from, especially violence, pornography, consumerism and so on.
Recently, a study demonstrated that spending too much time on watching TV during the day or at bedtime often caused bed-time disruption, stress, and short sleep duration.
Another research found that there is a significant relationship between the amount of time spent for watching television during adolescence and early adulthood, and the possibility of being aggressive.
Meanwhile, many studies have identified a relationship between kids who watch TV a lot and being inactive and overweight.
Considering some facts mentioning above, protect your children with the following tips:
Limit television viewing to one-two hours each day
Do not allow your children to have a TV set in their own bedrooms
Review the rating of TV shows which your children watch
Watch television with your children and discuss what is happening in the show
Comprehension Questions:
What is the main idea of the text?
Where is the information about the main idea located?
What supporting details can be found in the text?
What is the function of the text?
How do you know?
What are the generic structures of the text?
Can you identify each of the feature (generic structure) in the text? In which sentence?
What are the language features of text?
Example 11 of a Hortatory Exposition Text
Public Awareness
Let’s Make City Clean and Fresh
A clean and fresh city will surely make the inhabitants healthy. Every morning especially in dry season, all roads must be watered with clean water and swept by the workers of the regional government under the Major’s instruction.
To keep the people from heavy pollution caused by cars, trucks and motorcycles, enough trees must be planted along all roads. Every building or house in the city must be surrounded short and small trees which bear colorful flower.
Bad and improper habits which cause disadvantages, bad smell and dangerous diseases to people such as smoking and throwing rubbish anywhere should be stopped at once.
The major of each city will have to think over the way how to educate people, so that they realize on how important cleanliness and health are for their own sake. Building more public lavatories at every busy place is very badly needed.
It will be wise if the Major decides a certain amount of fine to be paid by those who disobey the government regulation on cleanliness matter. A man who urinate not at lavatory, smoke not at smoking room or throw rubbish at the roads should be fined for instance. Besides dirtying the environment with cigarettes’ butts, smoking will also cause pollution and lungs disease to other people.
So bad habits and impolite attitude should be immediately stopped, otherwise the city will be dirty, unhealthy badly polluted and will never attract foreign or domestic tourist
Comprehension Questions:
What is the main idea of the text?
Where is the information about the main idea located?
What supporting details can be found in the text?
What is the function of the text?
How do you know?
What are the generic structures of the text?
Can you identify each of the feature (generic structure) in the text? In which sentence?
What are the language features of text?
Example 12 of a Hortatory Exposition Text
More Dust Bins is Cleaner
To improve comfort and cleanliness at the school, there should be an increasing number of dust bins.
When we look at classroom, school corridors and schoolyard, there papers, mineral water cops, straws, and napkin everywhere. The condition of unseemliness really hinders learning and teaching environment. They can be filled out with water coming from the rain. This can be placed for mosquito to spread out.
Anyway I notice that most of the students have responsibilities for their school environment. They put their litter on the proper place but some of them are not diligent enough to find the dust bins. The numbers of the dust bins in the school are not enough. More dust bins should be put beside each step, outside of the classrooms and some along of the corridors. Probably one dust bin should be in every ten meters. So when students want to throw away their litters, they can find the dust bins easily.
When school is equipped with sufficient dust bins, students do not have problem of discomfort any more. So provide more dust bins and school will be very clean and become a very nice place to study.
Comprehension Questions:
What is the main idea of the text?
Where is the information about the main idea located?
What supporting details can be found in the text?
What is the function of the text?
How do you know?
What are the generic structures of the text?
Can you identify each of the feature (generic structure) in the text? In which sentence?
What are the language features of text?
Example 13 of a Hortatory Exposition Text
Where should be after High School?
The National examination result will be publicly enounced in next short time. Euphoria will flood for those who get success. In the other hand, It will be sorry to hear that there are some of them do not succeed in their national final examination. For those who succeed soon will think to decide; where will they be after graduating high school? Actually it will be easy to decide for those has been arranged and thought earlier but for those have not planed yet, it will be quite confusing.
Continuing study or looking for work is the primary choice among them. When they think about continuing study, they will think hard about the time and cost. How long the higher study will last? And how high is about the cost. In the same way, when they think about straightly seeking job, what skill and competence they have got is a big matter of questioning. So, doing both choices in the same time is an alternative.
Continuing study as well as seeking job is possibly done but it will be hard for them. Conventionally studying in the university needs much time to spend especially in the first year. It is true because they have to do and adapt a lot of things in their new higher school. it will be very hard to looking for job. Therefore it should come to their mind of continuing studying at higher school from their own home. As result, the available time will be more flexible for them. Then it will be very possible to seek job and get the appropriate one. This type of studying is publicly known as distance learning.
As the alternative method of studying, besides the conventional studying which students and the lecturer have to meet in the fixed time and place regularly, distance learning provides possibility to grow better. Possibly working and studying surely will create high quality graduate. Distance learning should appear as a considerable choice for them.
(http://bos-sulap.blogspot.com/2010/02/contoh-example-hortatory-text-where.html. Retrieved: 30 may 2012)
Comprehension Questions:
What is the main idea of the text?
Where is the information about the main idea located?
What supporting details can be found in the text?
What is the function of the text?
How do you know?
What are the generic structures of the text?
Can you identify each of the feature (generic structure) in the text? In which sentence?
What are the language features of text?
Example 14 of a Hortatory Exposition Text
Millions from Property Market
Dear friend,
Are you tired of the daily grind? Sick of working all hours of the day for litle reward? Tired of having enough money to really enjoy yourself? Well, now there is a way out.
We can show the way to give up work. Sit back and make millions for yourself and your loved ones on property market.
Albert Smith felt just like you untill he read our leaflet. Now he drives a sport car arround the South of France and his wife has one of her own too.
Generic Structure Analyse
Thesis: there is a way out of financial problem.
Argument: Albert Smith is the proof.
Recommendation: Join property market !
Language Feature Analysis
Using abstract noun: reward
Using action verb: give up, make, etc
Using thinking verb;:felt
Using simple present tense: are you tired?, he drives a sport car, etc
Comprehension Questions:
What is the main idea of the text?
Where is the information about the main idea located?
What supporting details can be found in the text?
What is the function of the text?
How do you know?
What are the generic structures of the text?
Can you identify each of the feature (generic structure) in the text? In which sentence?
What are the language features of text?
Example 15 of a Hortatory Exposition Text
Removing Lead from Petrol
In all the discussion over the removal of lead from petrol (and the atmosphere) there doesn’t seem to have been any mention of the difference between driving in the city and the country.
While I realize my leaded petrol car is polluting the air wherever I drive, I feel that when you travel through the country, where you only see the another car every five to ten minutes, the problem is not as severe as when traffic is concentrated on city roads.
Those who want to penalize older, leaded petrol vehicles and their owners don’t seem to appreciate that, in the country, there is no public transport to fall back upon and one’s own vehicle is the only way to get about.
I feel that the country people, who often have to travel huge distances to the nearest town and who already spend a great deal of money on petrol, should be treated differently to the people who live in the city.
Comprehension Questions:
What is the main idea of the text?
Where is the information about the main idea located?
What supporting details can be found in the text?
What is the function of the text?
How do you know?
What are the generic structures of the text?
Can you identify each of the feature (generic structure) in the text? In which sentence?
What are the language features of text?
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