Role Of Working Women For The Personality Development Education Essay

Let there arise out of you a band of people inviting to all that is good, enjoining what is right and forbidding what is wrong. They are the ones to attain felicity)

You are the best of people, evolved for mankind, enjoining what is right, forbidding what is wrong and believing in ALLAH.

Commentary

These two verses of the Holy Quran are identical. The basic idea emphasized to the Muslim Ummah is to guide the human being to do good deeds and prevent them from doing prohibited things and those who work hard for implementation of truth and elimination of evils from the society deserve salvation reward from Allah, although the commands of Allah in the Holy Book are for all but the Muslims having faith in it are committed to obey it all aspects of their lives. Allah is kind to its creation of mankind and revealed a complete system of life for success in this world as well as in the life hereafter.

The life of the Holy Prophet Mohammad (peace be Upon Him) as a living illustration and practical demonstration of Quran. Secondly, Islam is a natural religion and its teachings are eternal for all times to come. Its one of the main achievements, which distinguishes from other systems, is the complete reconciliation and balance between the moral and the practical, individual and social manifestation. If the Divine system as implemented by Holy Prophet is strictly followed the society highly peace full and contented environments in which besides other factors respect to human rights and seeking welfare of others is an objective of every person.

Abstract

God created men and women to build life together and to complete one another all lifelong. Hence, Islam opened the door to women to wade through all the fields of struggle in life side by side with men, supporting each other, helping, and completing one another. It is seen in our societies that women widely face glass ceiling throughout the world. Women are predominantly stereotyped with gender biasness. Women also face biasness in working conditions especially when they under male supervision and when they are on casual leave with child rearing activities. But under so much of pressure from society and home they still can contribute in the economic development of the country as a whole and are seen best in child rearing even if they are at top of the ladder in their organizations.

From questionnaires and the interviewing with the working ladies which are working in the education sector, it is judged that the role of working women which are working in the education sector which are somewhat play an important role for the personality development of their children and they play role for the personality development of their children because the main reason for not play an important role for the personality development of her child is that they cannot give as much time as required for their child to develop the personality and due to her job the personality of her child is diminishes.

Preface

“This is the type of research which is require for the completion of Advance Research Method assignment. This project which i work on is a quick response of the role of the working women for the personality development of their children. They were facing basically due to working there child personality is effected due to their job or not. Here i also given plus points and remediest.”

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am thankful to Almighty Allah (the most Gracious and Beneficial). It is a great pleasure for me to have the chance to work on such an interesting project, which not only enhanced my learning capacity but also help me in the future career.

Thanks to Management Sciences Department for facilitating me to promote me in other organization with its fine name.

I heartily acknowledge the service, guidance and full cooperation of Mr.(Abdul Raziq) for supporting me in every aspect of this project. I am also thankful to all other staff for their full cooperation, who spent their valuable time to share their knowledge, experience and wisdom to teach.

BACKROUND

BACKGROUND

The general role of a woman

What influence does equality between men and women have on defining their expected roles in life? And are we allowed to say that men and women have identical roles in life, since they are one and of the same soul? God created men and women to build life together and to complete one another all lifelong. Hence, Islam opened the door to women to wade through all the fields of struggle in life side by side with men, supporting each other, helping, and completing one another. Moreover, Islam did not separate them in roles, the thing that is clearly shown in His saying {The Believers, men and women, are protectors one of another: they enjoin what is just and forbid what is evil.} (9:71). Once we understand that justice embraces everything positive in life, and that evil comprises everything negative in it, we will then realize that men and women are partners in building up life. And just like men are responsible of the society, women also are equally responsible of the society they live in. So, outside the framework of the specifically motherhood and fatherhood characteristics where they perform absolutely different functions, men and women have vast areas to conquer, building life shoulder to shoulder as human beings, equal in humanity. Accordingly, we can say that Islam had opened the door to women to enjoy life as a whole, in contrast to what some people may assume that it had tied them down in their characteristics as females.

Where and how does the role of women as females prevail? And where could they perform their role as human beings?

The sphere in which a woman can express her femininity is narrow to a certain extent, because it is restricted to her marital life where her role as a female is mainly revealed, and to her family and feminine milieu where she can show her feminine traits through wearing ornaments or whateverâ€¦ not to mention motherhood that is the most important feminine role that a woman fulfills. But motherhood itself is not purely a feminine role; all the more so it is a human role in a woman’s life. Thus, the role of a woman as a human being remains her most essential role in life. She must confirm, in her actions, that she is a person of reason, a person of will, a person of affection, and a person who has a mission to carry out and she should prove that she has the ability to take part in life. So, women’s humanity is the most important aspect in their personality because it is the aspect that symbolizes the aim God (S.W.T) created them to achieve in this world. He created women to contribute to the existence with the faculties they have, just as He created men to contribute to the existence with the abilities they possess. Therefore, we believe that, while the feminine aspect of the woman’s personality is revealed in a delimited sphere, her human aspect is manifested in her whole existence as a woman. Even more, the human aspect of her personality will indeed be integrated with the feminine aspect of her conduct as a female, whether with her husband or within her own

BACKROUND

specific sensations of femininity. Verily, the aspect of humanity in her will enrich that conduct turning it into a nobler one, and will expand her giving to the partner that she joins in marriage. In other words, it is an aspect that refines the instinct and humanizes it in deeds as well as in feelings, so that the marital relationship will no longer be a relationship in which the female provides the male with her biological drives. It will rather be a human relationship where each partner, male or female, makes use of his distinguishing characteristics in order to give the other what pleases him and what satisfies both his emotional and his physical needs.

Women as housewives

When Islam confirms the specifically female characteristic of a woman in its rulings and legislations; doesn’t that lead us to the conclusion that the intrinsic role of a woman, according to Islam, is the role of a housewife?

The saying that Islam ties the woman down to a homemaker role is a frequently heard reflection on the way things are, and this is why it is worth discussing. But before going into the depth of the subject, we should point out the presence of two kinds of rulings in Islam: The first kind is the binding rules that necessitate the person to do something or not to do it, and they are called the obligation and prohibition rules. And the second is the rules that urge the person to do something but do not compel him to doing it; or exactly the opposite, wishing him not to do something but at the same time do not prevent him from doing it, and they are called the preferable and the detested î º or the rules that allow the person the possibility of choosing whether to do or not to do and they are called the allowed.

Well, does Islam oblige the woman to be a housewife before and after marriage? According to Islam, not a single person whether a father, a mother, a brother or any relative, is authorized to legitimately oblige the woman to manage domestic work in her parental house before marriage. So, housework is not imposed on women just like neither the father nor the mother has the legitimate right to oblige the boy to handle housework.

Yes. She can take on this charge if she willingly volunteered to, out of the sense of responsibility towards the house that is taking care of her. And when the girl becomes a wife, the fact that she manages the domestic work in her house or does not, will also remain a voluntarily matter that is up to her to decide. The contract of marriage does not bind women, from a legal aspect, to do housework, not even to rear her children and take care of them, unless the two married people worked on including the performance of these works in the marriage contract under special terms.

But Islam does not consider that women’s housework as one of the marriage contract articles, and it also does not require the women to carry out any kind of jobs outside home to support her family or to contribute in supporting it. On the basis of the marriage

BACKROUND

contract, man can demand nothing from his wife but the rights to the private marital relationship and all what is related to it. Anything other than that, such as arranging the household affairs and bringing the children up, would not be imposed on her.

From this perspective, we can approach the issue of women’s work in the house as women’s finest contribution that completes men’s finest contribution.

But doesn’t saying that a woman is not obligated to manage her household chores as well as she is not required to lead a job outside the house, carry an implicit acknowledgement that she has a marginal role in life, or at least encourage her to stick to the margin?

Saying that a woman is not obliged to work inside the house or even outside it does not mean that she must do nothing in life. Indeed, the core issue is that Islam wanted women to handle their housework motivated by reasons of giving and not out of obligation, as a social service.

When Islam didn’t force women to manage the household affairs, it offered them the opportunity to participate in building the society they live in. From an Islamic point of view, women are as responsible as men to help people finding their way to God (S.W.T), and to guide society in the right path with all the power they have. And as we have previously mentioned, women are also charged to enjoin what is just and forbid what is evil, the thing that represents the social practical surveillance against deviation in all the domains of life; a role that might get to the level of revolt against unjustness and deviation.

And the saying that a woman is not bound to carry out any career outside home to make a living – in the light of the saying that she should share the man the responsibility of enjoining what is just and forbidding what is evil – does not mean in any way that her role in life is canceled. On the contrary, it indicates that the opportunities are, indeed, wide enough for her to perform that role in a way that her job as a mother and as a homemaker, her participation in supporting her family and even the responsibility of supporting herself do not drain her power to contribute to the public fields.

By making the hardships of home and family life, and even married life less burdensome for women; Islam had, in fact, acknowledged the role of women in building life, and offered her the chance to participate, practically, in that building process.

Women in the midst of marriage and motherhood duties

Notwithstanding your emphasis that the role of a woman as a human being is her prior role in life, this priority is practically negated once we recognize the considerable value Islam attaches to the role of a woman as a wife and as a mother,

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the thing that necessitates her to remain home in order to take care of the children and to satisfy the husband’s needs. So, according to Islam, are women alone responsible of bringing children up? And do they have to stay constantly with their children?

â-Firstly: Although Islam stresses on the importance of a woman’s role as a mother and as a wife, we can benefit from the majority of its rulings that had commissioned the father with the responsibility of the family and the children in particular, and gave him the right to their custody in case of separationâ€¦ The father and the mother are real partners in the task of raising a child; and although Islam regards motherhood as sacred, it had not made women responsible of rearing their children. In addition to the affection purpose of motherhood and fatherhood, they also have a parenting job that they help each other to fulfill. In this job, the distinctive nature of each parent – the mother as a woman and the father as a man – along with the kind of connection that relates the child to each one of them, have an intrinsic role in developing and enriching the child’s personality on all levels. While the mother provides her child with the inner sense of security when satisfying his physical and emotional needs as a result of her direct adhesion to his body; the father, through looking after the child’s external affairs, takes on the responsibility of supplying him with a deep sense of protection and strength through which he can face the entire outside world. This is an illustration of the mutual work that both the husband and the wife cooperate in doing.

Secondly: It is of a great importance to the child that his mother would be the one who fosters him; nevertheless, nothing binds the woman to constantly stick to the child, or even to the husband, unless he needed her in an extraordinary way.

From this standpoint, the emphasis placed on the importance of woman’s special role as a wife as well as a mother does not deny her general role as a human being because this role carries some human purposes in itself.

â- In case the mother preferred to carry out a job rather than staying all the time with her infant, where can she put him?

If the mother is fully occupied, whether with her work or with anything else, and she cannot take care of her newborn, she can then rely on anyone she finds trustworthy to watch over her baby, in an attempt to fill up the emptiness caused by her absence. However, the mother should make her best trying to spend with him as much time as she can afford in order to provide him with the love and tenderness that can help him in alleviating the feeling of fear created by her not being present. The role of women in the society is an age-old issue, as far as Islamic literature is concerned. It has attracted much debate and controversy over the years. Personally, I have the following observations to make in this regard:

1. The Shari’ah revealed by the Almighty is very brief and sufficient. The thesis is that

BACKROUND

human intellect can itself discover the way out in most affairs. It is only at the crossroads where it is bound to falter that Islam interferes to guide it. In the sphere of gender and social interaction — the sphere which one comes across so often — too only certain guiding points have been given. In this regard, as far as the Shari’ah is concerned, broadly speaking, Islam has given principle guidelines in matters such as the formation and dissolution of a family; its organization under a head and the dress code and behavioral conduct in social contact.

2. Besides this Shari’ah, there is another general directive, which the Qur’an gives in this issue in its lofty style, the brevity of which touches sublimity. It says:

Women have rights just as they have responsibilities according to the good conventions [of a society]. (2:228)

This divine directive — a mere few words — covers a world of wisdom and sagacity in it. In my opinion, it puts to an end once and for all the debate regarding the role of women. What is implied is very clear: it is the sound conventions and traditions of a society, which governs the responsibilities and rights of women. In other words, it is the collective conscience of a society that determines them. Also, since the conventions and customs of different societies can be different, these rights and responsibilities can be different in different societies. Who should raise and look after children, who should cook the food, who should clean the house are all matters in which we must look towards

traditions and customs of a society. If they do not contradict the Shari’ah and are also not against the universal norms of sense and reason, they should be adhered to.

3. Consequently, women have before them a whole arena of activities. They can do everything, which is not against the healthy conventions of their society. They should educate themselves as far as they can and contribute positively in the society through

their intellect, talent and ability. Earning for them is certainly not prohibited. They can pursue careers just as men can. However, as pointed out, they should always give due respect to the precepts of the Shari’ah.

Legacy for Children

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION Legacy for Children

INTRODUCTION

A mother’s employment outside of the home has no significant negative effect on her children The finding, which both supports and contradicts earlier studies on the question of the effect of mothers’ employment on young Children whose mothers worked long hours were found to have slightly lower scores on tests, which measures children’s vocabulary and individual student achievement, but again these differences were small and faded over time.Effects of fathers’ employment status and working hours were also studied. No significant effects of fathers’ employment hours on children’s development were found.

Praise be to Allah: we praise Him, seek His help, ask for His forgiveness, and repent to Him. We seek His protection from our own evil and wrongdoing. A person who is well-guided by Allah cannot be misled by anyone, and a person misled by Allah cannot be guided by anyone. I testify that there is no deity but Allah, alone, with no partner, and I testify that Muhammad is His worshipper and messenger.

This is not the time or place for a discussion of the importance of education and the role it plays in building and safeguarding societies. Everybody, regardless of his school of thought and educational philosophy, knows that education is a necessary and urgent requirement. All societies stress education, pay special attention to it, and make studies in it. If one looks at the shelves of libraries and bookstores, he finds more Western books on education than books published in Muslim societies, which shows that education is a concern and requisite for all, regardless of their educational approaches and priorities.

A mother has a significant, basic role in education. This is evident in the following points:

1- The Family Influence in Education

The family is the first tier in the process of social upbringing. It is the family that instills in the child the standards by which he judges everything that he later receives from all social institutions. When he goes to school, his attitude towards his teacher is formed on the basis of the education he has received at home. His selection of friends at school is also based on the way he was raised by his family. He evaluates everything he hears and sees and every situation he finds himself in or he witnesses through what his family has instilled in him. That is the role of the family in education, a very important and serious role.

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2-A Mother’s Role in Early Childhood

Early childhood is a very important stage in the raising of a child, and the role of the mother at that stage is greater than that of anybody else. While the baby is still nursing,

INTRODUCTION

she has the greatest contact with it. For a great purpose that God has, the only nourishment of the baby at this stage is by nursing from its mother. This does not have a medical effect on the health of the child only, but also has psychological effects, the most important of which is making the baby enjoy the tenderness and closeness that it needs. Doctors always advise mothers to nurse their babies themselves, and if, for one reason or another a mother does not, she is advised to take care of it and keep it close to her all the time.

One can therefore realize how serious a mistake a mother makes when she leaves her baby at this stage to a governess or a maid who takes complete charge of it: cleaning it, taking care of its clothes, preparing its food, and, when the baby takes artificial milk, preparing the bottles for it. In such a situation, a baby misses a lot of the psychological care it needs.

If a mother has the misfortune of having a maid, and it is always better to do without them, she, i.e. the mother, should take care of the baby herself in the early stages of its life. She can leave matters of cooking, house cleaning, and similar chores to the maid, because a baby will not receive as much tenderness and care from a maid as from its own mother. What the baby is exposed to at this stage has a great future psychological effect and influences the attitude of the baby in the future towards various things. This is particularly important, because many governesses and maids in the Islamic world are non-Muslim, and even Muslim ones are often non-religious. The effect of such a situation is not hard to guess and it would take long to discuss this subject in detail, so I will limit myself to this passing remark.

The point is that a mother deals with her baby in early childhood more than the father does. The baby acquires many habits and standards at this age and also learns some modes of behavior which will be hard to change in the future. This is what makes the mother’s role so important; it is the gate of this precarious stage in the child’s life. There are some people, for example, who are devout and upright, but because they have not been raised in their childhood to strict moral and behavioral standards, they are characterized with some roughness in manners and lack of discipline.

3- A Mother’s Role with Her Daughters

If a mother is the closest person to children in general in their early childhood, this closeness is greater and continues longer in the case of daughters. Probably some of the problems we have today with girls are due to the diminished educational role of mothers. A girl goes through adolescence, is exposed to temptations, and has to cope with her desires. The society she lives in encourages immorality, and the girl has an emotional vacuum, and might only find satisfaction and gratification in unholy environments. The mother meanwhile is too busy with her own affairs, or with her neighbors and friends. The girl lives in one world, her mother in another.

It is very necessary for the mother to live with her daughters and be close to them. A girl is more likely to be open with her mother than with her father. It is necessary for the mother to fill the emotional void her daughters suffer from.

The emotional void a girl feels is usually greater in a house with a maid. The maid takes care of the household chores, and the family decides that their daughter should apply herself to her studies, which take a lot of her time. But when school duties are over, the

INTRODUCTION

girl is left with a lot of leisure time. How does she spend it? Reading? We do not usually cultivate in our children the habit of reading.

As already mentioned, there is a great gap between mothers and daughters. A girl feels that her interests, her iclinations, and her way of thinking are not acceptable to her mother. She feels a cultural gap between her and her mother, and finds her satisfaction perhaps in a magazine that covers fashion and home-decoration, discusses love and emotions, and tells a woman how to win the admiration of others. Such topics arouse a certain desire in the girl. Or perhaps she gets interested in video films, or in telephone conversations with young men. Even if none of these things are available to her, she may learn things from her mates at school.

4- A Mother Knows the Private Details in the Life of Her Children

A mother takes care of the clothes of her children and the furniture of the house, as well as intimate details that concern her children. Thus she is more likely to discover problems that her children suffer from than their father, particularly in these days, in which a father is usually too busy for his children. The mother, therefore, is more aware of the affairs of her children than her husband.

The tide is beginning to turn in the world social order. Traditional family roles are changing as democratic notions creep into the social system. Earlier, it was assumed to be written in stone that the man was the provider in the family and the woman the homemaker. In India, while a majority of the women may still be fighting against the old order, some have definitely seen the light at the end of the tunnel. And it is not just because women are beginning to realize that there is a world outside their kitchen windows. Women are also turning out in large numbers in the work force due to economic necessity.

But as in the case of every social change, there is a lag between actions and attitudes. While people may be willing to accept the idea of career women, they are not willing to excuse them from their duties as career moms. The attitude towards working women seems to be that while people have no objection to availing of their talents and abilities outside the home, women are not allowed to compromise on home life. And if they do, they should be made to feel the error of their ways. In the first place, the term ‘working mother’ is a misnomer as mothers are working round the clock even if they don’t go to an office. Being a working mother is not the easiest job in the world. Some women are good at it, some don’t have a choice, some choose a middle path and some don’t even try it. The point is that it is the women who should have the right to exercise the option to work or not to work, assuming that they have one. And if they do elect to pursue a career, it is important that their families be supportive.

Making the decision

Mothers who have a choice whether to work or not to work have to consider many things before they take the decision. First of all, they need to be clear about their priorities. Does the baby and family come first or is a career and financial security of

INTRODUCTION

greater importance? They also have to decide whether they would be happy having servants or other family members look after their children. They need to realize that by taking the decision to work, they will probably miss out on all the major milestones of their babies’ lives. Mothers need to remember that a job can be very demanding not only in terms of time, but also energy. Women spread themselves really thin trying to juggle work life and home life. They will have to consider the stress factor of the job because it is not easy to cope with the pressures of a high-stress job and the demands of a baby. Women should also discuss their decision to work or not with their spouses because they will need their support. It may help to find a job that has flexi-hours. It will make it easier for mothers to be able to stay home on days when there is no other caretaker for the baby or to leave early if there is an emergency.

Sushmita Roy gave up a lucrative career as a management consultant with a multinational and started her own web design firm so that she could work from home. She says, “After Tara was born, I decided that I couldn’t go back to working at a job with such long and erratic hours. I didn’t want to miss out on any special moments in my daughter’s life. But at the same time, I didn’t want to be a full-time mother because I really enjoyed working. Working from home was the only option.”

Some women have no choice. Veena Marathe had to start working because she and her husband realized that his salary would not be enough to live on once the baby arrived. Veena started working as a receptionist when her baby was one year old. She says. “I felt terrible leaving my baby at such a young age, but I had no choice. It’s not easy being a working mother. I come home tired from work and I have to look after the baby and cook and clean. I get so irritated with my husband and I have even begun to resent the baby’s demands and I know it’s because I’m so tired. To make things worse, I don’t like my job. I’m just doing it for the money. ”

Suhasini Mehta dreams of becoming a partner in the law firm she works for. She says, “My job is high-stress and I have to work long hours, but I am determined to make it to the top. I live with my in-laws and both they and my husband are very supportive. I know that my in-laws will take good care of my daughter so I can work with a clear conscience.”

When to return to work

Mothers often worry that their babies will forget them once they return to work. But they need not fear because babies recognize their mother’s voices right from birth and are not going to forget even if their mothers are away for the whole day. The question then is when is the best time to go back to work? According to Dr. Sushma Mehrotra, “Ideally a working mother should only return to work when her baby is at least one year old. Otherwise, there is a danger that the baby may develop separation anxiety.” Experts feel that mothers should wait till they have bonded with the baby and feel confident in their new role as mothers. For women who don’t have a choice, it really depends on the amount of maternity leave they can wangle.

INTRODUCTION

Spending quality time

According to Dr. Mehrotra, it is not the quantity of time mothers spend with their children but the quality that matters. “A working mother who spends one hour of quality time every day with her child will probably establish a better bond with her child than one who is home nagging the child all the time.”

In Dr. Mehrotra’s view, “Working mothers definitely have less time to spend with their children than the mothers who are at home. But it’s not that a housewife is a better mother than a working mother. Even if the working mother is pressed for time, as long as she spends quality time with her child it is enough. Sometimes mothers are around the house the whole day but they don’t even look at their children. They provide them with food and other facilities, but their involvement with the child is minimum. They think their presence is enough. But that is not true. It is quality time and the way you interact with your children that makes the difference.”

“For instance, if a working mother takes the trouble to find out what her child has been doing the whole day and accepts the child’s reply, she will probably have a better bond with her child. On the other hand, a child may feel rejected if a mother who has been home the whole day has not bothered to see what her child is up to. It really depends on the kind of communication and bonding that mothers have with their children. Mothers must talk to their children, they must interact with them and must accept their children.”

Quality time does not imply that the mother must cram a hundred activities in the little free time that she has to spend with her child. It is enough to just spend time together doing routine things like eating together or just cuddling each other. Mothers should talk to their children telling them about their day and asking about theirs. Given the fact that time is of the essence, mothers need to prioritize household chores and only do those that are absolutely essential on a daily basis. Mothers should try to tune out distractions like the television, radio and telephone calls when they are spending some special time with their babies. Quality time should not be restricted to the mother and baby alone. Mothers shouldn’t forget the fathers and should make it a point to involve them in quality time activities.

As long as a child is young enough to need mothering, she needs her mom.

INTRODUCTION

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“How would you feel about taking home a different child every night?…Well, if you don’t want any child but your own, why should he or she want any mother but you?” Mary Pride, The Way Home

If daycare is better for children than staying home with Mommy, this means that total strangers make better parents than the child’s natural parents.

The humanistic, hedonistic and materialistic society in which we live today repeatedly broadcasts the messages that women need to find fulfillment and financial independence in the workplace and that paid caregivers make better ‘parents’ than a child’s own mother.

‘They’ also tell us that our babies need to become independent and that they need the stimulation of being with their age-mates or they will be lacking in social skills. However, the evidence continues to pile up that the role a mother plays in the life of her child during the first years of life has a crucial, lasting effect on her intelligence.

Mothers May Have to Weigh Job

â€¦Newest bits of evidence linking a young child’s intelligence with the quality of mothering and the amount of mental stimulation in the home comes from the Journal of

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Educational of Psychology â€¦Most important elements include the mother’s involvement with the child, the verbal and emotional responsiveness of the mother and the provision of appropriate materials, this research shows. Also important are opportunities for variety in daily routines, the avoidance of restrictions and punishment, and the organization of learning opportunities in the home. These finding on the effects of early learning and mothering back up other continuing studies on babies and toddlers at Harvard and elsewhere. All show consistently that intelligence, competence and creativity develop best when a young child has plenty of stimulating things to do and a mother nearby to keep feeding him appropriate words almost continually.

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The Bible tells us that “God sets the lonely in families.” Psalm 68:8.

As long as a child is young enough to need mothering, she needs her mother.

“Even the best, most humane and personalized day-care environment cannot compensate for the feeling of rejection which the young child unconsciously senses when he is unnecessarily sent away from home for care by others.” Martin Engel, former director of the US National Demonstration Center for Early Childhood Education (DCE) in Washington, D.C.

People are hyped up over adolescent drug abuse, pregnancies, suicide and the cults children join. But the same roots underlie them all. The roots are depression and emotional deprivation. These are laid down in the personality in the early months of life. They grow out of poor attachments and inadequate affection and contact for the child in the first months. Attachment to the people who love him and who respond to his needs is nothing less than the foundation of the child’s personality.”

Experts agree that as much as 85% of a child’s character traits or personality is developed by the age of five. At the age of about two, when a child’s will becomes assertive, it is crucial that it be shaped by continually teaching obedience, submission to authority,

INTRODUCTION

control of temper tantrums, sharing of toys, love and forgiveness, resolving conflicts and developing sensitivity to others.

The way a child is raised in the early years accounts for at least twenty points of his IQ. Emotional stability from loving secure relationships related directly to intellectual capabilities.”

Would mothers of very young children be willing to work full time outside the home if they knew it could lower their youngsters’ intelligence measurably?

mom-teacher

You are an amateur parent and so you need to learn as much as you can about what you are required to do in this season of life. Not only do you need to learn about early childhood development and education, but you also need on-the-job training in patience, compassion gentleness, kindness and don’t forget self-control!

Like many other stay-at-home-moms, you are bound to find studying this relevant and much needed subject matter stimulating, rewarding and beneficial to both your and your children.

Being a role model

As a child, when asked who my role model was, I would always think of women whom I knew were successful near and far. My mother was always on the list, as I spent most of mytimewithher.

She was the leading role model in my life. Parents play a great role in shaping their children into the people that they are to become in future. Every parent wishes to be the best role model for his or her children. Role models can be parents, older siblings, family members and those that children interact with daily, such as family, friends and teachers.

It is crucial that children are encouraged to choose role models that give them a sense a

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Literature Review

To develop effective partnerships, parents must be actively involved in essential aspects of their child’s development and individual plan of support. Parents, family members, friends, neighbors, service coordinators, and sometimes other provider staff need to work together in forming the child’s circle of support.

These individuals agree to meet on a regular basis to help your child accomplish his or her aspirations and goals. They work with your child to open doors to new opportunities, overcome obstacles, provide supports and take action on behalf of your child. Individuals forming your child’s circle of support are volunteers. They care about your child and are committed to work together on behalf of your child.

If your child lives in a residential setting, you still need to be involved. You should purchase your child’s clothing, and personal items, participate in plan of support meetings, monitor your child’s progress and discuss future support needs.

You can also become involved as a volunteer by joining the consumer / family organization of your local disabilities and special needs board, or your school’s parent / teacher organization and other local advocacy groups. You can participate in these organizations as an advocate for individuals with disabilities.

You have to leave your study and take care of your daughter “Diya” suggested my Mother-in-law. “Nurturing and caring for her is more essential as that will build your bond with her. If you don’t stay home with Diya, you wouldn’t be able to share more time with her and the connection between you and your daughter will be weakened” she continued.

Many families around the world, including mine, have the same norm that the women are supposed be staying at home and take care of their children so as to have strong bond between mother and child. And many women like me understands that parents play an important role in shaping the lives of their children and that is why they invest their time and money in activities that affect their offspring’s well being; however, we also feel that our traditional role as child bearers must be supplemented with a sense of achievement. In Pakistan, while a majority of the women may still be fighting against the old order of seeing themselves only as a ‘homemaker’ and not the ‘bread earner’, some have definitely seen the light at the end of the tunnel. Women across the world are beginning to realize that there is a world outside their kitchen windows. And so, I realized that it was essential for me to examine the effects of working on my child in particular. The purpose of examining on this issue was not only the betterment of my child but also was to assist many other families, like mine, to make a decision on their career over their children. My personal experience along with the support of latest literature has assisted me to believe that employed mother can have a positive influence on their children’s physical, socio-emotional and cognitive development.

Many parents are usually concerned about their child’s physical development especially

Literature Review

in terms of their milestones, nutrition, and health and illness patterns. One of the hard truths that I have learned is the possibility of working mother to miss out on the major milestones of their babies’ lives. It doesn’t mean that the milestones of the child would be delayed; but it indicates that as a mother you might not be able to share the moment of first milestones of your child. However, many institutions have realized the need to accommodate new mothers at work. Many employers have the child-care facility that can soothe the new mom to share few exciting moments of her child’s milestones. Such institutions also provide the new mom to have flexed hours whereby she can feed her baby. Dan Woong, a contributing writer, supports by stating, “Many institutions consider that by allowing new moms to breast feed or express milk at work will result in having healthy babies which means less staff turnover, and higher job productivity and morale” (2007). I being a mother of 15 months old daughter, I feel as time passes, both, the mother and child will adapt this setting implying that mother will be able to use the time productively by ensuring the preparation of child’s food so as to provide him/her with all the nutritional components. In fact, Jennifer Reid Holman claims in the conference of the American Public Health Association 133rd Annual Meeting that the dietary quality of the child of working mom appears to be similar to that of the children with non-employed mothers (2005). Health and illness can be another aspect of physical development that can concern a new mother. After having discussions with several new moms I am able to conclude that both working and/or non-working mother keeps a constant eye on their children’s health. I have also noticed that when their children becoming ill they would spend all their possible time including their own leisure and sleeping time with out complaining.

One of the most important differences between the children of working and non-working mothers is the socio-emotional development. According to Gale, (2007), “Mothers who are full-time homemakers are more likely to use either an authoritarian or a permissive parenting style than those who are employed full time. Working mothers are more likely to use an authoritative approach that relies on reason, rather than assertions of parental power, and encourage both girls and boys to be independent.” This proves at longer run working mothers will be able to value independence of their children. The other aspect that makes me contented is that since working mothers have less time to spend with their children, they tend to learn the techniques of spending quality time with their children and provides more compassion to them when compared to non-working mothers. Hoffman and Lise Young blade, a psychologist at the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, found that working moms are more affectionate with their offspring than those who don’t have full-time jobs. Both the children and the mothers reported more maternal hugs, kisses, and verbal expressions of affection. (Thomas Gale as cited in ‘Effects of Children’s well being’ April 2007)

Another thing to consider is the cognitive development. Last but not the least, children of working mother can possibly have more control on their mental capabilities and can make decisions more appropriately. They are believed to participate more in class discussions, ask questions when instructions are unclear, and feel comfortable in

Literature Review

leadership positions than the children of non working mothers. Thomas Gale (2007) further supports this statement by stating that “offspring of working mothers had higher scores on standardized achievement tests in reading, math, and science”. Best of all, is that the children of a working mother have competent coping abilities. The independence and affection that a child receives in working mother makes the child emotionally matured and confident in dealing with day to day responsibilities and stresses. And since the non-working mothers tend to use authoritative approach towards their children, they tend to have children who are less able to make independent decisions in their youth.

To conclude, many societies may pressure women to leave their jobs after having children. However, children are affected by the influence of their mothers whether they are working or non-working .These effects are obvious on their physical, cognitive and socio-emotional aspects. Provided that the friendly work environment is provide, working mothers can monitor their child’s nutritional status, and displays higher levels of warmth and acceptance. This in turn, assists the children in their youth by making them more independent and stronger enough to cope with the ongoing stressors. Indeed, the working mothers provide a very positive role model for children in a family

PROBLEM STATEMENT

A problem statement might state that the problem to be investigated in this study is

“The role of working women for personality development of their children”

Research Variable:

The variables to be found in this research are

Dependent variable

Independent Variable

Dependent Variable:

Personality Development Of Children

Independent Variable:

Working Women

Hypothesis

Hypothesis:

Ho: Working women does not play an important role for the personality

Development of their children

Hi: Working women play an important role for the personality

development of their children

Objective of Research:

The objectives of this research are as under:

To have practical experience of conducting research

To judge and overcome the difficulties and problems of research

To apply the Tools and Techniques learned in RESEARCH METHODS & TECHNIQUES

To understand the role of working women for developing personality of child

To knowledge the approximate figure of population knows and experience.

The contribution of working women in character development of their children.

The contribution of working women for morale development of their children

There role for the carrier development of their children.

The contribution of working women for the development of ethical behavior of her children

Hypothesis

To have an idea that how working women play an important role for the personality development of their children

SCOPE

This research report is very important from working mother for better understand there child personality . By reading the findings of my research one can understand there child personality in every clear aspect image, demand and general peoples point of view about what factor working women ignore in developing child personality and what factor play an important role for developing children personality.

Purpose of Study:

The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of women who are working in an organization or any other sector and to analyze there involvement for the personality development of their children and how working women interact with their children in daily life.

Research Methodology:

The research methodology will be conducted for measurement and investigated the extend to which the researcher manipulate and control the study.The research method used in the research are co relational research because it will identify the relationship between two variable i.e. working women and the other variable is personality development of their children.

METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION

For collecting data we have used one of the strong tool “Questioners”.

A questioner was used to acquire the exact data required to fulfill the purpose of the

research and get the idea of working women for the personality development of their children. They are asked different questions from several angles to evaluate the response.

It was about the confidence, competence, modesty, morality, choices, importance and other questions regarding the issue of children personality development. So they were analyzed and useful information was collected. have including 24 question in the questionnaire which are analyze to make a result of whether a women play an important role for the personality development of there children. The question are mention in the questionnaire are on the bases of operationalize the concept and usually three to four question are mention in the questionnaire according to each element of the dimension. From each question the result should be on each dimension and analysis should be on the bases on the answer which are given by the respondent. The question should be filled by fifty respondents who are working in the education sector and also the interview are conducted to judge the role of working women.

.

Population:

Total Population: All working women in education sector

Target Population: Women working in education sector (>1000)

Area of Population: Quetta

Sample Size: 50

Statistical Tool:

The statistical tool is used to determine the research that whether the result of hypothesis is accepted or rejected. The tool used in this result is mean, median. mode and the standard deviation because the sample size is greater than 30 so we used Z test is applied in the research .

METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

TEST TO BE USED

In this research report the Statistical Test I planed to use is

Z- TEST

Sampling Technique:

The sampling technique for this research is, a Cluster Sampling will be used in this research because in cluster sampling we divide the population into group, or cluster, and then select a random sampling of these cluster because I assume that these individual cluster are representative of the population as a whole. I should use cluster sampling because the population size is very large and that’s why I want to use the cluster sampling in my research. The question should be field by using cluster sampling method.

My research is the role of working women for the personality development of their children a case study of education sector and I know that the women working in education sector in Quetta city are very large and through large population it is easy to collect the data that’s why I used cluster sampling.

By using cluster sampling in our research the quetta city are dividing in to two town .The name of the town are as under

Zarghoon Town

Chiltan Town

I select six school from the zarghoon town and also six from children town and the data is collected from these two towns because the population size ais very large and I collect the data from the 12 schools from the zarghoon town and the chiltan town.

The name of the school from which I want to collect the data from these towns are as under:

Zarghoon Town school

Railways girls high school

Postal high school

Model public school

Eagle public high school

Quaid public school

Elegance school

METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

Chilton town

Mission high school

Islamia high school

Apwaa school

Helper high school

Police line school

Pak public high school

I show the table from which out of fifty sample size the data are collected from these town according to which the questionnaire are filled according to ratio.

TABLE

S.NO.

NAME OF SCHOOL

RESPONDENT

Railways girls high school

Postal high school

Model public school

Eagle public high school

Quaid public school

Elegance school

Mission high school

Islamia high school

Apwaa school

Helper high school

Police line school

Pak public high school

DATA COLLECTION SOURCE

Source Of Data Analyses Method

In analyses the data to determine that whether the women play an important role for the personality development of her children we use ,

SPSS Which provides a powerful statistical-analysis and data-management system in a graphical environment, using descriptive menus and simple dialog boxes to do most of the work for you. Most tasks can be accomplished simply by pointing and our results come alive with multidimensional pivot tables

Switch back and forth between data sources.

Compare the contents of different data sources.

Copy and paste data between data sources.

Create multiple subsets of cases and/or variables for analysis.

Merge multiple data sources from various data formats (for example, spreadsheet, database, text data) without saving each data source in SPSS format first.

It is a useful tool for analyze the data of determine the final result of my result.SPSS is used in my result because it is convenient for analyze the data and shows a accurate result in using SPSS I gather the following information about the data which is as follows

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

In SPSS the coding are as follows as shown in the table:

Table

S.NO

Coding

Name

Yes

DATA COLLECTION SOURCE

Number of question

Mean

Std. Deviation

2.30

.463

1.04

.198

1.48

.505

1.12

.328

1.48

.505

1.00

.000

1.16

.370

1.04

.198

1.16

.370

Q10

2.36

.663

Q11

1.30

.463

Q12

1.06

.240

Q13

1.12

.328

Q14

1.42

.499

Q15

1.00

.000

Q16

1.16

.370

Q17

3.72

3.078

Q18

1.22

.418

Q19

1.10

.303

Q20

1.04

.198

Q21

1.24

.431

Q22

2.88

1.825

Q23

1.04

.198

Q24

1.28

.454

Valid N (listwise)

PRESENTATION

OF

RESULTS

&

FINDINGS

RESULT FINDING

As a working women, how many hours you give to your jobs

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid

4-6

70.0

6-8

30.0

100.0

Total

100.0

RESULT FINDING

Can you look after the character of your children?

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid

Yes

96.0

4.0

100.0

Total

100.0

RESULT FINDING

Is the personality of your child diminishing due to your job?

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid

Yes

52.0

48.0

100.0

Total

100.0

RESULT FINDING

Does your child’s bears a positive attitute towards you?

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid

Yes

88.0

12.0

100.0

Total

100.0

RESULT FINDING

Does your job affect the morale development of your child’s?

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid

Yes

52.0

48.0

100.0

Total

100.0

RESULT FINDING

Do you play an important role for the character development of child’s?

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid

Yes

100.0

RESULT FINDING

Do you feel that your child is well behaving as compare to other?

Fequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid

Yes

84.0

16.0

100.0

Total

100.0

RESULT FINDING

Are you play a role model in life of your child?

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid

Yes

96.0

4.0

100.0

Total

100.0

RESULT FINDING

Does your child are closest to you as compare to father?

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid

Yes

84.0

16.0

100.0

Total

100.0

RESULT FINDING

Who is more responsible for taking pain of child’s?

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid

father

10.0

Mother

44.0

54.0

Both

46.0

100.0

Total

100.0

RESULT FINDING

Do you focus more for the personality development of elder child?

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid

Yes

70.0

30.0

100.0

Total

100.0

RESULT FINDING

Do you identify Ethical behavior to your child’s?

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid

Yes

94.0

6.0

100.0

Total

100.0

RESULT FINDING

Do you provide friendly environment to your child at home?

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid

Yes

88.0

12.0

100.0

Total

100.0

RESULT FINDING

Do you note a difference in your child personality at home Vs at school?

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid

Yes

58.0

42.0

100.0

Total

100.0

RESULT FINDING

Do you provide religious belief and values to your child’s?

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid

Yes

100.0

RESULT FINDING

Does your child’s share appropriately?

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid

Yes

84.0

16.0

100.0

Total

100.0

RESULT FINDING

How close is your relationship with your child’s?

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Valid

close with E-Y-M

40.0

average with E-Y-M

8.0

close with E & average with Y-M

6.0

average with E & close Y-M

14.0

average with E,close Y,average M

4.0

close with E.average Y,close M

8.0

close with E-Y & average M

8.0

average with E-Y & distant M

2.0

close with E-Y & distant M

4.0

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